Raw Data Asymmetry: What Minnesota Learned in 2026 About Who Gets to Query
I'm a Minnesotan, and this year the national news stopped being something that happened somewhere else. Two of our neighbors were killed by federal agents in Minneapolis in January. A river town in the southeast corner of the state lost every one of its license plate cameras over a few days at the turn of August and then decided not to put them back. Through all of it, one pattern kept showing up: the institutions held the raw data, and the rest of us got the press release.
I'm calling that raw data asymmetry. Federal enforcement, surveillance vendors and the platforms hold records you can query: video, plate reads, search logs, timestamps. Residents get a headline, a statement, or a dashboard if they're lucky. In 2026 Minnesotans pushed back on that, mostly in unglamorous ways. They filmed. They filed records requests. They sat through council meetings. Their state sued for evidence. This post walks through what's documented, with a link on every claim, and it marks where the documents stop and my opinion starts.
Two deaths, and six months to get the evidence
On January 7, Renee Macklin Good was shot and killed near East 34th Street and Portland Avenue in south Minneapolis, MPR News reported that day. The agent who shot her was ICE agent Jonathan Ross, MPR and Sahan Journal later reported. She was 37, a poet and a mother, MPR reported. Her father told the AP she was "slow to anger, quick to love," per MPR's coverage page. It happened during Operation Metro Surge, the federal immigration enforcement surge in the Twin Cities that began in late November or early December 2025, depending on the account (NBC News dates the surge of agents to Nov. 29; Fox 9 dates the operation to Dec. 1). By late January the AP counted at least 2,000 ICE and 1,000 Border Patrol officers on the ground and more than 3,400 arrests reported by ICE.
The two accounts of that morning did not match. ICE said in a statement that "one of these violent rioters weaponized her vehicle," and DHS Secretary Kristi Noem said the agent was defending himself and other officers, MPR reported. A witness MPR identified as Betsy described something else: she said Good "posed absolutely no threat to any of these agents." Mayor Jacob Frey said, "The narrative that this was done in self-defense is a garbage narrative," and Gov. Tim Walz wrote, "I've seen the video. Don't believe this propaganda machine," both per MPR.
Seventeen days later, on January 24, Border Patrol agents shot and killed Alex Pretti on Nicollet Avenue. He was 37 and an ICU nurse at the Minneapolis VA, MPR reported, as did Sahan Journal. DHS said he "approached US Border Patrol officers with a 9 mm semi-automatic handgun" and "violently resisted" when they tried to disarm him, as compiled by FactCheck.org. Minneapolis Police Chief Brian O'Hara said Pretti had a permit to carry, per the same review.
Here's the part that matters for this post. The most important early evidence in the Pretti case came from bystanders. FactCheck.org found that multiple news analyses of their videos did not show Pretti holding the gun or threatening officers with it, and that video showed an agent taking a gun from his waistband while he was on the ground. Bellingcat's frame-by-frame analysis found him recording federal agents roughly a minute before he was shot, phone in his right hand. FactCheck.org noted then that federal body camera footage hadn't been released. The official investigations are still open, and nothing in this post should be read as a finding of guilt. What's documented is a gap: the government's account came first, and the residents' footage is what tested it.
Then the state tried to get the government's own data and couldn't. Federal authorities physically blocked Bureau of Criminal Apprehension agents from the Pretti scene, MPR reported, and the BCA was turned away from multiple shooting scenes and kept from evidence, according to Sahan Journal. Hennepin County Attorney Mary Moriarty issued formal demands for the Pretti evidence in February, Fox 9 reported. On March 24, Minnesota sued the federal government for it, MPR and the AP via PBS reported. On June 3, according to filings MPR reviewed, U.S. Attorney Dan Rosen rejected Moriarty's request, writing that it "does not comply with the procedural requirements," MPR reported.
On July 13, after what Sahan Journal described as six months of federal refusal to cooperate, the federal government handed over hard drives of statements and body camera footage, plus the 2014 Honda Pilot Good was driving, per MPR and Sahan Journal. Moriarty called the material "voluminous," per Sahan Journal, and wouldn't give a timeline for charging decisions, per MPR. The Pretti family's attorney said that same week that the U.S. Attorney still "refused to confirm any cooperation agreement," MPR reported. I found no reporting of a charging decision in either killing as of this writing. On October 1, Good's family filed two federal lawsuits, one under the Federal Tort Claims Act and one invoking the 1871 Ku Klux Klan Act, the latter naming Ross, Stephen Miller, Kristi Noem, Tom Homan, Gregory Bovino and others, per MPR, NPR and Sahan Journal. White House spokesperson Lauren Bis said, "We intend to vigorously defend these baseless civil lawsuits," per NPR.
Read that sequence as a data problem and it's stark. The raw record of two killings, the video and statements and the vehicle, sat with one party. The state's own investigators and a county prosecutor got access on the holder's schedule, months after a lawsuit, and one family's lawyer said they still couldn't get basic information. Everyone else got press conferences.
Neighbors built their own sensor network
The residents' answer was low-tech and very Minnesotan: show up, write it down, tell your neighbors. The AP described "dozens, perhaps hundreds, of rapid response networks" with thousands of volunteers coordinating over encrypted apps like Signal, often by recording the license plates of possible federal vehicles and reporting convoy movements. When agents stopped someone, volunteers came with whistles and horns, filmed, and called out legal advice. Axios and Human Rights Watch documented the same thing, and HRW reported that federal agents often arrested or threatened observers doing it, claiming they were impeding operations.
I want to be honest about what that is. It's a plate-reader network built by hand, aimed the other way. Data cuts both directions. So the fight isn't "data bad." It's about who gets to query, who gets audited, and who gets to check the other side's work.
Border czar Tom Homan announced the end of the surge on February 12, NBC News and Fox 9 reported. A week later, elected officials and observers told Sahan Journal that agents were using increasingly covert tactics to keep operating across the Twin Cities suburbs.
The plate readers: what they hold, and who searched them
Flock Safety's cameras, the Atlanta company's automated license plate readers, use AI to log the time, date, direction of travel, make, model, color, plate and even bumper stickers of passing vehicles, all uploaded to a national vehicle tracking database, MPR reported. University of Minnesota law professor William McGeveran told MPR that the system "knows the make, model, color of your car" and cited "many, many examples of ICE having access to the data" through local police searches.
The receipts on that came from audit logs, and they came out through records work, not press releases. A Star Tribune investigation found hundreds of immigration-related searches of Flock data across the Twin Cities during the surge, most involving Fridley's cameras, as MPR summarized. Fridley's own numbers, reported by CBS Minnesota, are the clearest picture of the asymmetry I've seen: the city's network was searched 494,812 times in January, 107 of them immigration-related. After Fridley cut off immigration-tagged queries and out-of-state access, February's totals were 22,480 searches and zero immigration searches. "Prior to February 2026, our network was open to out-of-state law enforcement agencies and was searched heavily," Patrick Faber, the city's deputy director of public safety, said at a packed July council meeting, CBS reported. "Some of that access was used for immigration-related searches, a purpose the program was never meant to serve." Agencies with 287(g) agreements lost access in July. Flock told CBS it has no contracts with ICE and that each agency decides whose searches it allows; it told MPR that federal sharing is off by default.
Half a million searches in one month, on one suburb's cameras. Fridley residents saw those numbers months after the fact, when the department walked through its own search data at that council meeting. Which agencies had access ranged from zero to hundreds depending on the city, KSTP found. More than 40 Minnesota agencies run Flock "transparency portals," which are optional. John Boehler of ACLU of Minnesota told KSTP that once an agency opens its cameras to another agency, it "won't get a notification of a request for each search," and that once data goes to an agency in another state, "it's functionally impossible for us to tell where that data is shared beyond that point."
Audit logs have limits too. The ACLU's Jay Stanley points out that audit logs depend on self-reporting by officers, many of whom enter vague reasons like "investigation," so a log is only as honest as the person typing. That's a real check, but it isn't raw data. It's somebody's description of raw data.
What Minnesota law already says
Minnesota isn't starting from zero. Minn. Stat. 13.824, on the books since 2015, makes plate reader data private or nonpublic. It says non-investigative data "must be destroyed no later than 60 days from the date of collection," limits sharing to law enforcement agencies that meet the statute's access standards, requires written authorization tied to an active investigation for access, and requires a warrant or exigent circumstances to track the subject of an investigation. It also gives residents a few windows: a public log of when readers are in use and how many hits they produce, a public list of fixed camera locations, a public audit trail of queries to the extent not otherwise classified, and an independent audit every two years whose results are public. Agencies must notify the BCA within ten days of installing a reader.
What the statute doesn't do is address federal agencies' access by name; its only federal reference is to the databases plate reads get compared against. It doesn't say anything about a vendor's national lookup tool. That's the seam.
This year's attempt to close it was HF 4205, posted March 12. It would cut retention from 60 days to 48 hours and bar access or sharing "outside the state unless required by a court order or judicial warrant," defining outside the state to include federal agencies. It stalled 7 to 7 in the House Judiciary Finance and Civil Law Committee in March, according to its author, Rep. Brad Tabke, with Republicans voting no. Rep. Walter Hudson said in March the bill could unintentionally truncate investigations, KFYR reported. On August 21, Tabke and Sen. Clare Oumou Verbeten said they'll bring it back in 2027. "It is a fundamental infringement on people's liberty," Tabke said.
Columbia Heights, Duluth, and the rest
Cities didn't wait for St. Paul. Columbia Heights restricted out-of-state sharing in January and statewide sharing in February, then on June 8 its council voted unanimously to cancel its Flock contract and its 12 cameras after a May town hall, Sahan Journal reported, also per Fox 9. Mayor Amáda Márquez Simula said the system didn't keep enough of a record of who used the data, and that "there's still too many unknowns."
Duluth said it won't renew its contract, which ends September 7, per CBS Minnesota and KSTP. West St. Paul and the Isanti County Sheriff's Office ended their Flock relationships in August, KSTP reported. North Branch paused an expansion; its mayor, Kevin Schieber, told MPR, "If you don't trust the data, if you don't trust the system, then that information doesn't matter." Fox 9's September roundup adds Crystal ending its use, St. Paul removing two fixed police cameras, and the University of Minnesota police removing one camera near Cedar and Riverside.
It isn't one-sided, and it shouldn't be written that way. Ramsey County Sheriff Bob Fletcher called the technology one of the best he's seen in his career and said removal is "not an option," per Fox 9. Medina's police chief told his city council it helped track a suspect in the kidnapping of a 9-year-old girl, MPR reported. Those are real outcomes. The argument isn't that the cameras never work. It's that the people being photographed can't see what the system holds or who's searching it.
Flock moved too. On August 13 it announced it would cut its default retention from 30 days to seven and require case codes on searches, The Next Web reported. Critics including the ACLU called that inadequate, per the same report.
Winona
Now the town I keep thinking about. Winona sits on the Mississippi in the southeast corner of the state. It's where Winona Ryder was born, on a small farm on the outskirts of town, and she was named after it, as her biography records. A daughter of Minnesota, named for a Minnesota town.
Sometime between July 29 and August 1, all eight of the Winona Police Department's Flock cameras, two at each of four highway intersections, were cut down and stolen, KSTP and MPR reported. On the evening of August 1 an officer noticed the cameras had gone quiet; the poles were found cut near the base in the weeds. Replacement was about $3,000 per camera. That's a crime, police say the investigation is open, and nobody has been publicly identified in any reporting I found. I'm not cheering it.
What happened next is the story. More than 900 people commented on the department's Facebook post about the theft before comments were restricted, the Winona Post reported; many urged the city not to replace them. One wrote, "It's almost like people don't want to be watched 24/7." Flock offers free replacements for vandalized cameras, the Post noted. On Wednesday, August 12, the department said it would not replace them. Its statement called the cameras "an effective and impactful resource," said they had helped locate a homicide suspect and people in crisis, and then said this: "our community's trust is the foundation of effective policing," and "we believe its use has contributed to growing concerns about trust in policing, both locally and across the state and nation." Then: "After careful consideration, Winona PD has decided not to reinstall any Flock cameras in the City of Winona." That's per the Winona Post and CBS Minnesota. The department also said its use of the cameras had "been guided by clear policies, appropriate training, and ongoing oversight," per the Post.
The decision was the department's, not a council vote. Most council members backed it at their next meeting, while saying the department had used the cameras appropriately and condemning the vandalism, the Winona Post reported. Council member Sam Zierden Shortridge, who had asked the department earlier in the year to report on the program, said, "It's been made clear to us as a city that moving forward with any similar technologies is not in line with what our community wants." Council member Jason Dicus: "I simply cannot trust a private corporation like Flock Safety to safeguard that information when everyone wants a piece of it." Council member Jerome Christenson took a different view. He said he was disturbed that distrust had gone as far as vandalism, called the cameras hardly high tech, and said, "These things are already out there."
He has a point, even if he meant it differently than I take it, and that's the honest close on Winona. Eight cameras coming down doesn't erase a national database. What it shows is a police department saying out loud that public trust is worth more than the data stream. You don't see that often.
A Minnesota log cabin to the Technate, by way of Pretoria
One more Minnesota thread, and it bears on who builds the platforms that hold the raw data. The history below is documented; the reading at the end is mine, and I'll mark where one becomes the other.
Elon Musk's maternal grandfather, Joshua N. Haldeman, was born in a log cabin in Minnesota in 1902 and raised in Saskatchewan, CBC reported; his Wikipedia biography puts the birthplace at Pequot Lakes. He was involved in Technocracy Incorporated from 1936 to 1941, per Wikipedia, and CBC's Ira Basen describes him as a leader of Technocracy Incorporated in Canada in those years. A 1995 history in the Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, co-written by his son, records his "service as research director for Technocracy, Inc. of Canada."
Technocracy wanted society run by scientists and engineers rather than politicians, with money replaced by "Energy Certificates," CBC explained in 2021. Canada declared it illegal in June 1940, and a few months later Haldeman was arrested and charged with stirring up disloyalty, and found guilty, per CBC. From July 1940 the movement pushed a "Technate of America" that would take in Canada and Greenland. Haldeman left it and in 1945 warned that it had become "a scientific Frankenstein," CBC reported.
He went on to lead the Social Credit Party of Saskatchewan, and in 1950 he moved his family from Regina to Pretoria, South Africa, two years after the National Party took power and began implementing apartheid, per CBC and Wikipedia. Accounts of why he moved differ, and I won't pick one for him. What he said himself, months after arriving, was this, quoted by CBC from the newspaper Die Transvaler: "instead of the government's attitude keeping me away from South Africa, it has actually encouraged me to settle here." CBC reports he later wrote a book defending apartheid, and Wikipedia's biography describes him as a supporter of apartheid who repeatedly expressed racist, antisemitic and antidemocratic views. My shorthand for him is an apartheid draft pick: the regime didn't recruit him, but by his own account it was a reason to stay. That's my phrase, not a source's.
Then there's the letter X, which is a documented pattern, not a theory. In 1999 Musk co-founded X.com, the online financial services startup that became part of PayPal; his rocket company is SpaceX; and in July 2023 he renamed Twitter as X, Global News and Al Jazeera reported, with Global News noting that "X as a name is not a new choice for Musk." The names of his children with the musician Grimes are public too. A son, X Æ A-12, was born in May 2020, CBS News and NBC News reported. A daughter, Exa Dark Sideræl, called "Y," was born in December 2021 and revealed in March 2022, Rolling Stone reported from a Vanity Fair interview. A third child, Techno Mechanicus, called "Tau," was revealed in Walter Isaacson's 2023 biography, per Rolling Stone and NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth. Children don't pick their names, and nothing here is about them.
Two facts sit side by side: a grandfather who helped lead Technocracy in Canada, and a grandson who named a child Techno and, in June 2019, tweeted "Accelerating Starship development to build the Martian Technocracy," per AFP via Phys.org and CBC. CBC's Basen wrote that Musk had "not completely abandoned his Technocracy roots." That's a journalist's interpretation. Here's mine, and it is only a reading: I read the names and the tweet as a family idea that never fully left, and I read technocracy as raw data asymmetry turned into a governing theory. The engineers hold the instruments and the numbers, and the public gets the outputs. The platform now called X fits the same frame for me: it holds every click, and you get a feed. No source I found quotes Musk tying any of these names to his grandfather, and I can't prove motive from public records. Nobody can, so I'm not claiming one.
What we do with this
Short version, because this isn't an ad. At DugganUSA we sell threat intelligence, and the only version of it we think is worth paying for is one you can check: the raw indicators, the timestamps, the source of every record, and corrections when we're wrong. Context is the product. Share the context, never the core, and never ask anyone to take a dashboard on faith. Minnesota spent 2026 making the same demand of much bigger institutions, with phones and records requests and council votes. I hold us to the same test, with the usual 95% cap on our own certainty.
Sources
MPR News, "Renee Good killed by ICE agent in Minneapolis," Jan. 7, 2026: https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/01/07/shooting-south-minneapolis-ice-agents-federal-operation
MPR News, coverage page, "The fatal shooting of Renee Macklin Good": https://www.mprnews.org/renee-macklin-good-shooting
MPR News, "Feds turn over evidence in ICE shootings, but Pretti family says U.S. Attorney won't confirm agreement," July 13, 2026: https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/07/13/feds-have-turned-over-evidence-in-good-pretti-sosacelis-shootings
Sahan Journal, "Feds share evidence in Good, Pretti shootings with state investigators," July 2026: https://sahanjournal.com/public-safety/feds-share-evidence-good-pretti-shootings-hennepin-county-attorney/
FactCheck.org, "Video Analyses at Odds with DHS Statements on Minneapolis Shooting," Jan. 26, 2026: https://www.factcheck.org/2026/01/video-analyses-at-odds-with-dhs-statements-on-minneapolis-shooting/
Bellingcat, "Alex Pretti: Analysing Footage of Minneapolis CBP Shooting," Jan. 25, 2026: https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2026/01/25/alex-pretti-analysing-footage-of-minneapolis-cbp-shooting
Fox 9, "HCAO demands feds turn over evidence in Alex Pretti, north Minneapolis shootings," Feb. 18, 2026: https://www.fox9.com/news/hcao-demands-feds-turn-over-evidence-ice-shootings-feb-2026
MPR News, "Minnesota sues feds for evidence in ICE shootings," Mar. 24, 2026: https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/03/24/minnesota-asks-court-to-force-feds-to-share-ice-shooting-evidence
AP via PBS NewsHour, "Minnesota sues to obtain evidence in shootings by federal officers during ICE surge," March 2026: https://pbs.org/newshour/nation/minnesota-sues-to-obtain-evidence-in-shootings-by-federal-officers-during-ice-surge
MPR News, "Renee Good family files lawsuits," Oct. 1, 2026: https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/10/01/renee-good-lawsuit-minneapolis-ice-shooting-operation-metro-surge
NPR, "The family of Renee Good files lawsuits over her death during Minneapolis ICE raids," Oct. 1, 2026: https://www.npr.org/2026/10/01/nx-s1-5986224/renee-good-ice-lawsuit-minneapolis
Sahan Journal, "Lawsuit over Renee Good's killing names ICE agent, Miller, Noem": https://sahanjournal.com/public-safety/renee-good-family-lawsuit-federal-goverment-takeaways/
AP via PBS NewsHour, "Minneapolis community defies ICE to warn immigrants of approaching agents," Jan. 29, 2026: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/minneapolis-community-defies-ice-to-warn-immigrants-of-approaching-agents
Axios Twin Cities, "How Minnesota's rapid responders track ICE agents in real time," Jan. 26, 2026: https://axios.com/local/twin-cities/2026/01/26/ice-watch-rapid-response-minnesota-network
Human Rights Watch, "A Manufactured Crisis," June 18, 2026: https://www.hrw.org/report/2026/06/18/a-manufactured-crisis/minnesota-communities-terrorized-by-the-federal-government
Fox 9, "Operation Metro Surge: How many federal agents have left Minnesota?": https://www.fox9.com/news/operation-metro-surge-how-many-federal-agents-have-left-minnesota
NBC News, "Trump administration says it is ending its immigration surge in Minnesota": https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trump-administration-homan-ice-operation-metro-surge-ending-rcna258720
Sahan Journal, "Minnesota suburbs see 'stealthier' tactics as ICE stays active," Feb. 19, 2026: https://sahanjournal.com/immigration/ice-minnesota-suburbs-operation-metro-surge/
MPR News, "Winona police are investigating who stole their Flock surveillance cameras," Aug. 5, 2026: https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/08/05/winona-police-stolen-flock-surveillance-cameras
MPR News, "Flock cameras face growing public scrutiny across Minnesota," Aug. 17, 2026: https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/08/17/flock-cameras-face-growing-public-scrutiny-across-minnesota
Star Tribune, "Police searched Twin Cities license plate cameras for immigration enforcement during ICE surge": https://www.startribune.com/police-search-immigration-twin-cities-flock-license-plate-cameras-ice-dhs-metro-surge/601807825
CBS Minnesota (WCCO), "Fridley police detail who can access Flock Safety camera data," July 28, 2026: https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/fridley-police-flock-safety-camera-concerns/
KSTP, "The number of agencies with access to police Flock camera data in Minnesota ranges from zero to hundreds": https://kstp.com/kstp-news/top-news/the-number-of-agencies-with-access-to-police-flock-camera-data-in-minnesota-ranges-from-zero-to-hundreds/
ACLU, Jay Stanley, "Surveillance Supporters Tout Police Audit Logs But They're Not an Effective Check and Balance," Oct. 31, 2025: https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/police-audit-logs
Minnesota Statutes 13.824, Automated License Plate Readers: https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/13.824
HF 4205, 94th Legislature, introduction text: https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/94/2026/0/HF/4205/versions/0/
Minnesota House, Rep. Brad Tabke, "DFL-Authored Flock Camera Legislation to Return in 2027," Aug. 21, 2026: https://www.house.mn.gov/members/Profile/News/15523/41732
KFYR, "Minnesota lawmakers to reintroduce legislation to regulate Flock cameras," Aug. 21, 2026: https://www.kfyrtv.com/2026/08/21/minnesota-lawmakers-reintroduce-legislation-regulate-flock-cameras/
Sahan Journal, "Columbia Heights City Council votes to end Flock Safety camera contract," June 9, 2026: https://sahanjournal.com/news-partners/columbia-heights-city-council-votes-to-end-flock-safety-camera-contract/
Fox 9, "Columbia Heights set to drop Flock license plate cameras after community pushback": https://fox9.com/news/columbia-heights-set-drop-flock-license-plate-cameras-after-community-pushback
Fox 9, "Flock cameras and privacy concerns: Where Minnesota communities stand," September 2026: https://www.fox9.com/news/flock-cameras-privacy-concerns-where-minnesota-communities-stand-sept-2026
The Next Web, "Flock Safety cuts data retention to seven days after dozens of police abuse cases," August 2026: https://thenextweb.com/news/flock-safety-privacy-changes-data-retention
KSTP, "All 8 of Winona's Flock cameras stolen": https://kstp.com/kstp-news/top-news/all-8-of-winonas-flock-cameras-stolen-as-cities-across-the-state-continue-to-see-theft-vandalism/
KSTP, "Winona won't replace Flock cameras after thefts took all of city's devices offline," August 2026: https://kstp.com/kstp-news/top-news/winona-wont-replace-flock-cameras-after-thefts-took-all-of-citys-devices-offline/
Winona Post, "WPD won't replace stolen Flock cameras, citing public trust," Aug. 12, 2026: https://www.winonapost.com/news/wpd-wont-replace-stolen-flock-cameras-citing-public-trust/article_06a67859-2d97-414b-aa8f-d8751ad214bb.html
Winona Post, "Winona council largely concurs with ditching Flock," Aug. 19, 2026: https://www.winonapost.com/news/winona-council-largely-concurs-with-ditching-flock/article_e4787a2e-f818-49e1-b61c-2afc29ed5fa4.html
CBS Minnesota, "Winona police won't replace stolen Flock cameras amid growing privacy concerns," Aug. 12, 2026: https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/winona-police-wont-replace-stolen-flock-cameras/
Mpls.St.Paul Magazine, "Winona Ryder Finds Herself in Winona, MN," Jan. 29, 2020: https://mspmag.com/arts-and-culture/winona-ryder-superbowl-commercial/
Wikipedia, "Winona Ryder": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winona_Ryder
CBC News, Geoff Leo, "The Canadian roots of Elon Musk's conspiracist grandpa," Mar. 20, 2025: https://www.cbc.ca/newsinteractives/features/joshua-haldeman-elon-musk-saskatchewan-tech-utopian-conspiracist
Wikipedia, "Joshua N. Haldeman": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_N._Haldeman
Keating and Haldeman, Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 1995: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2485067
CBC News, Ira Basen, "In science we trust," June 28, 2021: https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform/technocracy-incorporated-elon-musk/
Phys.org (AFP), "Elon Musk on Twitter: 'Accelerating Starship development to build the Martian Technocracy'," June 24, 2019: https://phys.org/news/2019-06-elon-musk-twitter-starship-martian.html
Global News, "Elon Musk rebrands Twitter, replacing bird logo with X," July 24, 2023: https://globalnews.ca/news/9851796/elon-musk-rebrand-twitter-logo-x/
Al Jazeera, "Twitter changes logo to 'X', replacing blue bird symbol," July 2023: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/23/elon-musk-says-he-will-change-twitters-blue-bird-logo-to-an-x
CBS News, "Elon Musk and Grimes reveal mysterious baby name X Æ A-12," May 6, 2020: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/elon-musk-grimes-x-ae-a-12-baby-name
NBC News, "Grimes explained her and Elon Musk's unusual baby name," May 6, 2020: https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/grimes-explained-her-elon-musk-s-unusual-baby-name-people-n1201176
Rolling Stone, "Grimes Reveals Secret Second Baby With Elon Musk," Mar. 10, 2022: https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/grimes-secret-second-baby-elon-musk-new-interview-1319335/
Rolling Stone, "Grimes and Elon Musk Have a Third Child, New Biography Reveals," Sept. 2023: https://rollingstone.com/music/music-news/grimes-elon-musk-third-child-new-biography-1234821672
NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth, "Elon Musk and Grimes have third child named 'Techno Mechanicus,' new biography says," Sept. 2023: https://www.nbcdfw.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/elon-musk-and-grimes-have-third-child-named-techno-mechanicus-new-biography-says/3334052/
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